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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :
1. Is trachoma contagious?
Yes, trachoma is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with infected people, contaminated surfaces, or flies that have come into contact with eye or nasal discharge from an infected person.
2. How can I prevent trachoma?
Preventing trachoma involves practicing good hygiene, washing hands and faces regularly, and ensuring access to clean water. Avoid sharing towels or face cloths with others, especially in areas where trachoma is common.
3. Can trachoma cause permanent blindness?
Yes, if left untreated, trachoma can cause permanent blindness, especially in its advanced stages where scarring occurs in the cornea.
About Trachoma
Trachoma is a contagious bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, especially in developing regions with limited access to clean water and healthcare. With timely diagnosis and treatment, trachoma can be managed effectively to prevent severe complications.
Causes of Trachoma
Trachoma is primarily caused by poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation. The bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis spreads through direct contact with an infected person’s eyes or nose secretions, contaminated towels, or flies that have come into contact with infected individuals.
Key factors leading to Trachoma include:
- Poor personal hygiene (especially unclean hands and faces)
- Crowded living conditions
- Lack of clean water for washing
Types of Trachoma
Trachoma progresses through different stages. These stages include:
- Inflammation – Follicular: Mild infection causing small bumps inside the eyelids.
- Inflammation – Intense: Severe irritation and thickening of the eyelid.
- Eyelid Scarring: Repeated infections cause scarring on the inner eyelid, leading to discomfort and pain.
- Trichiasis: Eyelashes turn inward, rubbing against the eye surface, causing damage to the cornea.
- Corneal Opacity: The final stage, where the cornea becomes scarred, leading to vision loss or blindness.
Symptoms of Trachoma
The symptoms of trachoma can vary depending on the severity and stage of infection. Early signs may be mild and easily overlooked.
Common symptoms include:
- Red, irritated eyes
- Watery discharge from the eyes
- Swollen eyelids
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Blurred vision
In advanced stages, the inward growth of eyelashes (trichiasis) can severely damage the cornea, leading to vision impairment or blindness.
Diagnosis of Trachoma
Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term damage. An eye specialist will conduct a thorough eye examination, looking for telltale signs of trachoma such as follicles on the inside of the eyelid or eyelid scarring.
Tests may include:
- Visual Inspection: Looking for symptoms like bumps, scarring, or inward-turned eyelashes.
- Laboratory Tests: In rare cases, a swab from the eyelid may be taken to confirm the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Treatment of Trachoma
Trachoma treatment depends on the stage of the infection. The WHO (World Health Organization) recommends the SAFE strategy for treatment and prevention:
- Surgery: For advanced cases with eyelash inversion (trichiasis).
- Antibiotics: To treat the bacterial infection. A single dose of azithromycin or tetracycline eye ointment is commonly prescribed.
- Facial cleanliness: Promoting good hygiene to reduce the spread of infection.
- Environmental improvements: Ensuring access to clean water and proper sanitation to prevent reinfection.
Cost of Treatment and Stay in India
India is a leading destination for affordable eye care, with highly qualified ophthalmologists and state-of-the-art facilities. Trachoma treatment in India, including surgery if necessary, is significantly more affordable compared to many Western countries.
Cost of Trachoma Treatment:
- Antibiotic treatment: $50 – $100 USD
- Surgical treatment (trichiasis): $500 – $1,000 USD (varies depending on the complexity of the case and the hospital)