Onchocerciasis (African River Blindness)

Causes of Onchocerciasis

The primary cause of Onchocerciasis is a parasitic worm called Onchocerca volvulus. When infected blackflies bite humans, they transfer immature larvae (microfilariae) into the bloodstream. These larvae grow and spread throughout the body, especially the skin and eyes, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

Types of Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis manifests in two main types based on the affected body parts:

1. Skin Onchocerciasis: Characterized by intense itching, skin rashes, nodules, and pigmentation changes.
2. Ocular Onchocerciasis (River Blindness): Affects the eyes, causing inflammation, optic nerve damage, and eventually blindness.

Symptoms of Onchocerciasis

The symptoms of Onchocerciasis can vary in intensity and location. Common symptoms include:

• Severe itching (pruritus)
• Skin rashes and lesions
• Nodules under the skin
• Vision changes (blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision)
• Eye pain and discomfort
• Permanent blindness in severe cases

Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis

Early diagnosis of Onchocerciasis is crucial to prevent severe complications like blindness. A specialized ophthalmologist like Dr. Suraj Munjal can diagnose the condition through:

• Skin snips: A small sample of skin is tested for the presence of microfilariae.
• Eye examination: Checking for inflammation and microfilariae in the eyes.
• Blood tests: To detect antibodies against the parasite.

Treatment for Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis treatment involves medications and sometimes surgery to manage symptoms and prevent long-term damage:

1. Ivermectin: The primary drug used to kill microfilariae, preventing the spread of larvae.
2. Doxycycline: May be used to target the adult worms.
3. Surgery: In cases where nodules need to be removed surgically to reduce the worm load.

Regular follow-up with an experienced ophthalmologist is essential to monitor eye health and prevent further complications.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

India, known for its high-quality yet affordable medical care, is a prime destination for international patients seeking treatment for Onchocerciasis. Dr. Suraj Munjal offers personalized care with advanced diagnostics and treatment facilities.

• Cost of Treatment: Treatment costs in India are significantly lower than in many other countries. Depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment required, costs may range from $500 to $2000.