Causes of Myasthenia Gravis

The primary cause of MG is a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles. This happens when the immune system produces antibodies that block or destroy receptor sites for acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for muscle contraction. Although the exact reason for this autoimmune response is unclear, it may be linked to abnormalities in the thymus gland or genetic factors.

Types of Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis can be classified into several types based on which muscles are affected:

1. Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Affects only the muscles controlling the eyes and eyelids, leading to drooping eyelids (ptosis) and double vision (diplopia).
2. Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Involves multiple muscle groups, including facial, limb, and respiratory muscles.
3. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS): Rare inherited disorders that mimic MG symptoms but are not autoimmune in nature.

Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

The symptoms of MG vary in severity and can fluctuate throughout the day. Common symptoms include:

• Drooping eyelids (ptosis)
• Double vision (diplopia)
• Difficulty swallowing or speaking
• Weakness in arms, hands, fingers, legs, or neck
• Fatigue after simple activities
• Breathing difficulties in severe cases

Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis

Dr. Suraj Munjal utilizes a range of diagnostic tools to confirm MG, including:

• Physical and Neurological Examination: Tests reflexes, muscle strength, and coordination.
• Blood Tests: To detect acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
• Electromyography (EMG): Measures the electrical activity of muscles.
• Edrophonium Test: Temporarily improves muscle strength and confirms MG.
• Imaging: CT or MRI scans to check for thymus gland abnormalities.

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

While there is no cure for MG, several treatments can help manage symptoms:

• Medications: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine) improve communication between nerves and muscles. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed to reduce abnormal immune responses.
• Thymectomy: Surgical removal of the thymus gland, which can lead to remission or reduction in symptoms for some patients.
• Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): These therapies are used in severe cases to remove harmful antibodies from the bloodstream or provide antibodies from donors.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Rest, physical therapy, and avoiding stress can help manage symptoms.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

India offers high-quality medical care at a fraction of the cost compared to many Western countries. Dr. Suraj Munjal and his team at [Clinic/Hospital Name] provide world-class care for patients with Myasthenia Gravis. Here’s an estimate of the costs associated with treatment in India:

• Consultation Fees: $50–$100
• Diagnostic Tests: $200–$500
• Medications: $50–$200 USD monthly, depending on the type and dosage
• Thymectomy Surgery: $3,000–$5,000 
• Plasmapheresis or IVIG Therapy: $1,000–$2,500 per session