Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) – Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Causes of Giant Cell Arteritis

The exact cause of GCA is not fully understood, but it is thought to be an autoimmune response where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the walls of healthy blood vessels. Some factors that may contribute to the development of GCA include:

• Age: Most commonly affects people over 50.
• Gender: Women are more prone to developing GCA than men.
• Genetics: A family history of GCA or other autoimmune diseases can increase your risk.
• Infection: Some infections might trigger the immune response leading to GCA.

Types of Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant Cell Arteritis is primarily divided into two types:

1. Cranial Giant Cell Arteritis: Affects the blood vessels in the scalp and temples.
2. Large-Vessel Giant Cell Arteritis: Involves larger arteries, such as those in the chest and neck.

Both forms can lead to serious health issues, including vision loss, if not treated promptly.

Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis

Symptoms of GCA can vary, but the most common include:

• Severe headache, particularly around the temples
• Scalp tenderness
• Jaw pain while chewing
• Sudden vision problems (blurred vision, double vision, or loss of vision)
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

Early and accurate diagnosis of GCA is vital to prevent complications like permanent vision loss. Dr. Suraj Munjal may use the following tests to diagnose GCA:

• Blood Tests: Elevated markers of inflammation such as ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein).
• Temporal Artery Biopsy: A small sample of the temporal artery is taken and examined under a microscope to detect inflammation.
• Ultrasound or MRI: These imaging techniques help visualize inflamed arteries.

Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis

The main goal of treatment for GCA is to reduce inflammation and prevent complications like vision loss. Treatment usually involves:

• Corticosteroids: These are the first-line treatment to quickly reduce inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive Medications: In cases where corticosteroids are not enough or cause side effects, medications like methotrexate may be prescribed.
• Regular Monitoring: Ongoing medical care is essential to monitor the disease and adjust treatment as needed.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

India is becoming a leading destination for affordable medical care. Dr. Suraj Munjal’s clinic offers world-class treatment for Giant Cell Arteritis at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries. Here’s what you can expect:

• Cost of Treatment: The cost varies depending on the severity of the condition and the required medical care. It can range from $2000 to $5000 USD for comprehensive treatment.
• Stay in India: Patients may need to stay in India for 1-2 weeks for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. India offers affordable accommodations, making it a cost-effective option for international patients.