Corneal Dystrophies Treatment in India

Causes of Corneal Dystrophies

Corneal dystrophies are primarily genetic, meaning they are passed down through families. They occur due to mutations in genes responsible for the health and maintenance of the cornea. The exact genetic cause depends on the type of dystrophy, but it is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern.

Types of Corneal Dystrophies

There are several types of corneal dystrophies, classified based on the layer of the cornea they affect. Some of the most common include:

• Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD): This affects the outer layer of the cornea and can cause discomfort and vision problems.
• Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy: This affects the inner layer of the cornea and leads to swelling and blurred vision, often worsening with age.
• Lattice Dystrophy: This condition causes deposits of abnormal protein in the stroma, leading to vision problems.
• Macular Dystrophy: Rare but severe, it affects the stroma layer and can cause significant visual impairment.

Symptoms of Corneal Dystrophies

The symptoms of corneal dystrophies vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some patients may have no symptoms, while others experience:

• Blurred or cloudy vision
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Eye pain or discomfort
• Recurrent corneal erosions (frequent tearing of the corneal surface)
• Dry eyes
• Vision loss in advanced cases

Diagnosis of Corneal Dystrophies

A comprehensive eye exam is required to diagnose corneal dystrophies. Dr. Suraj Munjal uses several advanced techniques to accurately diagnose the condition, including:

• Slit-lamp examination: To examine the corneal layers in detail.
• Corneal topography: A non-invasive imaging procedure that maps the surface curvature of the cornea.
• Specular microscopy: To assess the endothelial cells of the cornea.
• Genetic testing: In some cases, genetic tests can confirm the specific type of corneal dystrophy.

Treatment Options for Corneal Dystrophies

The treatment for corneal dystrophies depends on the severity of the condition:

• Observation and regular monitoring: For mild cases without significant symptoms.
• Lubricating eye drops and ointments: To relieve dryness and discomfort.
• Therapeutic contact lenses: To protect the cornea and improve vision.
• Corneal transplantation (also known as keratoplasty): For advanced cases, this surgical procedure replaces the damaged cornea with healthy donor tissue.
• Laser therapy: Excimer laser treatment can be used in some cases to remove abnormal tissue from the cornea.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

India is a preferred destination for medical tourists due to its high-quality medical services and affordable healthcare. The cost of corneal dystrophy treatment can vary based on the type of treatment required:

• Laser treatment: Approximately $1,500 – $2,500
• Corneal transplantation: Ranges from $2,500 – $4,000 depending on the complexity of the surgery.